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TEACHING STRATEGY PREFERENCE OF

FIFTH YEAR  CIVIL ENGINEERING STUDENTS

Abstract

 For how many studies done on teaching-learning process, students are considered to be an essential contributor in the improvement of teaching in higher education. Fifth Year Civil Engineering students, the level of education which is known to have an adequate knowledge, are a good source of information for determining the effective teaching strategy. These paper aims to know the teaching strategy preference of male and female Fifth year Civil Engineering students and to determine if there is a significant difference between the preferences of the two genders. In this descriptive-comparative research, survey questionnaire were used as instrument for gathering the data from the respondents.30 male and 30 female students were surveyed based on the availability of their time. Through the Frequency and Percentage Analysis statistical test with average mean, findings revealed that both male and female students preferred the Teaching Strategy Letting the students ask clarifications and marked as Extremely Preferred. With the Analysis of Variance Two-factor statistical test, findings revealed also that there is no significant difference between male and female teaching strategy preference. As a concept of a good learner, students find it necessary to understand the topic in clarifying their concern that is helpful and reliable. Thus, further studies regarding the modern teaching strategy including the others such as intellectual capacity of the students, psychological aspect, LGBT conditions and other factors which affect the teaching-learning-process must be done to improve the education in tertiary level.

 

Keywords: Teaching Strategy Preference, gender, level of preference 

Introduction

                 For how many years, the teaching strategy in tertiary education has risen and is viewed to be essential than the more usual 

focus on research (Boyer & Rice, 1990; McKeanchie, 1990; Paulsen & Feldman 1995). In creating a supportive teaching surrounding, specific characteristics have been constructed for our essential approach on teaching performance. These characteristics include: clear commitment to and support of teaching and its improvement from administrators; shared values between faculty and students about the importance of teaching.

 

                 For the effectiveness of these characteristics, students should take a great part in the improvement of teaching in 

higher education. In actively seeking students’ responses to instruction, colleges and universities are giving the important recommendations they accept and support the teaching-learning process. According to North Carolina State University Handbook for Advising and Teaching (1994), student recommendation about the essential teaching approach has two purposes. The most important, student recommendations provide instructors an additional teaching strategy from the consumers’ point-of-view. Students can do and make important contributions to the teaching-learning process, and teachers must be receptive to their ideas.

 

                 Since the 1970’s, there has been a consensus on the purpose of student recommendations at colleges and 

universities. Rifkin (1995) confirmed that the primary purpose is formative; that is, facilitating faculty growth, development, and self-improvement. Although not systematically examined, student ratings should incorporate research on teaching (Marsh, 1984). Huitt (1995) proposed that educational research should help answer the question: “Why do some students learn more than others?” when one considers the review of models of the teaching-learning process as described by McIlwrath and Huitt (1995), it becomes apparent that students evaluations can be an important measure of teacher behaviors and teaching methods when they are related to a product or output measure of student learning and growth. It might be suggested that student evaluations are additionally relevant to presage or teacher characteristic variables (e.g., subject knowledge, teaching skills, teacher efficacy) for the next group learners.

Gender has quite impact in making preference about teaching strategy. Related studies have been proven that male have different preferred learning style than female. Males preferred to learn by doing physical task while females preferred to learn through reading and writing (Park J Physiol, 2011).

 

                 In some universities in the Philippines, student recommendations were applied in the improvement of the teaching-learning process. In the University of the Philippines System, they have the online evaluation of teachers in which the recommendations for the teaching medium from the students happened and are suggested by their bona fide students that is highly honored by their faculty (Computerized Registration System Evaluation, 2015). These recommendations are found to be important for the professors to be accessible, approachable and easy to deal with their students. In the University of Southeastern Philippines, they have the faculty Performance Evaluation Tool. They are focusing on the broadways characteristics of the professors particularly in the College of Engineering. For how many surveys they have conducted that involves students’ opinion, they have not really pointed out the preferred and specific teaching strategy from the students that is much need by the professors.

It is for this reason that the researchers will conduct a study in order to give emphasis to the preferred teaching strategy according to gender of the fifth year Civil Engineering students for the professors who are the building foundation of students’ academic capacity. This also investigates if there is a significant difference between male and female teaching strategy preference. Survey questionnaire, used for seeking information, is a tool for determining the teaching strategy that is preferred and is much needed to be recommended by the USEP CE Students.

Introduction
Methodology

             This is a descriptivecomparative research aimed to give emphasis to the preferred teaching strategy, a.) Male b.) Female, to 

determine if there is a significant difference between the two genders and to identify the level of preference in each teaching strategy. Teaching Strategies were structured following the idea of Scriven (1995). Constant consultation with the experts was done for data accuracy.

             The respondents of the study were Fifth Year Civil Engineering Students, 30 male and 30 female, within second semester 

 School Yea 20152016 from College of Engineering, University of Southeastern Philippines, Bo. Obrero, Davao City. These students

 are known to have an adequate knowledge and experiences regarding the engineering professors who have different teaching strategies. The researchers surveyed the respondents based on the availability of their time.

 

       The researchers asked permission to the college dean to conduct the study. After the permission was granted, the researchers got the schedules of the Fifth Year Civil Engineering Students identified by gender and surveyed based on the availability of their time. After conducting the survey, the data were tabulated by the researchers. For accurate analysis of the data, professional statistician was consulted. 

 

               For determining the teaching strategy preference of male and female, Frequency and Percentage Analysis (FPA) statistical 

test were used where n = number of individuals as factor of the rated scale. Analysis of Variance Two Factor with Replication using Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SSPS) Software were used to determine the significant difference between the teaching strategy preference of the two gender setting  α= 0.02 as the maximum range for establishing no significant difference. The following parameters were observed in identifying the level of preference from the respondents where the ranges in the columns are the values of the means.

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Formulae:

 

 

Frequency and Percentage Analysis (FPA):

 

 

N  = Teaching strategy number

n =  no. teaching strategy

TSF =  no. of frequency per teaching strategy

 

 

 

Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) Two-Factor with Replication:

 

 

 

 

 

 

Mean ():

 

TSN  =  No. of frequency for teaching strategy

N  = Teaching strategy number

n = no. of respondents

 

Results and Discussion
TEACHING STRATEGY PREFERENCE OF MALE FIFTH YEAR CIVIL ENGINEERING STUDENTS

 

                   The following shows the results on determining the preferred teaching strategy among male fifth year Civil

Engineering students and its level description. Table 1 presents the frequencies, percentage for the most preferred and mean of the teaching strategy for determining its level of preference.
        

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

         Based on the table, findings reveal that Letting the students ask clarifications gained the highest percentage of 7.6060%, with the mean () of 4.0667 which is described as Extremely Preferred, is the preferred teaching strategy of male CE students, followed by Using humor in the classroom with 7.1696% marked as Moderately Preferred with () 3.8333 and Asking related questions to students while teaching with 6.7955% with the () of 3.6333 that signifies Moderately Preferred.

 

         Teaching strategy Letting the students ask clarifications is the way that educators should apply to their students during lecture for them to clearly understand the lesson. It is also an important teaching strategy to communicate well to their students and find it comfortable to talk freely about the subject matter. This will be tested in examinations if the student really understood the topic and apply it in solving and reasoning of problems. The same findings of Wing (2002) that the effective teaching strategy educators can use is to let his or her student asks questions and clarifications. There are some lessons which are hard to find and understand, so students are curious about it (Schiller, 2003). Teachers should ask them to clarify on what part of the lesson they did not understand.

 

   Teaching Strategy Preference of Female Fifth Year Civil Engineering Students

 

 

         Table 2 shows the tabulation of the preferred teaching strategy of female Civil Engineering students. It consists of the teaching strategies, frequencies, mean and level description. The result were added as the frequency of each teaching strategy. The summation of the frequency was used as a tool in finding the percentage of the students who preferred the teaching strategy. The mean values are the basis for determining the level of preference per teaching strategy. These percentage results are the basis in determining the preferred teaching strategy of the female fifth year Civil Engineering students wherein the highest percentage represents as the Preferred Teaching Strategy.

 

        

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

            Table revealed that the teaching strategy that gained the highest percentage is Letting the students ask clarifications with the percentage of 7.4837% having a mean () of 4.6 that signifies Extremely Preferred. A study conducted by Hodgkinson and Perera (1996) on first year student that it is easy to learn when students are able to ask questions regarding to the topic to avoid doubts. Same finding also with Haslehurst, Huskins and Thorper (1998) that a large number of Australian graduates were successful in their studies because of their guts to ask questions to their professors. Followed by Using humor in the classroom with 6.5618% having a() of 4.03 that signifies Moderately Preferred.Pittsburgh State University of New York (2016) revealed on their study that students will learn more when their teachers have a sense of humor and use it inside the classroom while teaching.The third preferred teaching strategy isChallenging students through real life problems with 6.3991% having a () of 3.93 which signifies Moderately Preferred. US News and World Report (2012) that by challenging students to real life problems, it develops the students’ critical thinking, assessment, communications and inquiry skills.

 

            The findings corroborate with what Kiewra, K. A., Benton, S. L., & Lewis, L. B. (1987) had reported that students must prefer to clarify their questions and doubts to gain satisfaction and Hartley, J., & Cameron, A. (1967) presented that the efficient style of teaching is to provide additional inputs on the clarifications based on the preference of the students. The teaching strategy Letting the students ask clarifications should be applied in the process of learning for the student to understand clearly the topic. If the students understand the topic then it will be easy for them to apply it especially in solving real life problems.

 

 

SIGNIFICANT DIFFERENCE BETWEEN MALE AND FEMALE TEACHING STRATEGY PREFERENCE

 

           Table 3 shows the significant difference between male and female teaching strategy preference of Fifth Year Civil Engineering students. The table consists of Sample, Columns, Interaction, and Within data. The significant difference analysis focused on the Interaction P-value based on αvalue which is 0.02 as the maximum range for establishing no significant difference between the two genders. The analysis in significant difference was based on each teaching strategy preference weighted together with the other.

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

         The significant difference between male and female teaching strategy preference is 4.13E-5 (4.13x10^-5). It revealed that there is no significant difference (4.13E-5<0.02) between the teaching strategy of the Fifth Year Civil Engineering students. This disclosed that the preference of the two gendercoincides with each other based on the teaching strategies. They possess the same learning style and both motivated enough about the effectiveness of the teaching strategies used the by the professors. This was supported by that individual learning style preference of the student depend on each other. The individual views of the students on teaching strategy are the same in the sense that intellectual students wants to be on the top (Frost and Fukami, 1997).

Conclusion

        There is a lot of teaching strategies that has been used by the professors as a medium of learning. However, these strategies may vary based on the effectiveness it contributes to the learning style of the students. Using Frequency and Percentage Analysis (FPA) as basis for determining the teacher strategy preferences, findings revealed that Fifth year Civil Engineering Students preferred teaching strategy Letting the students ask clarifications. Students’ goal of asking clarifications is to answer their doubts about the subject matter in order to increase their understanding. Male and female students don't have any significant difference in their teaching strategy preference. The result of the study proves that both genders preferred the same type of teaching strategy.

 

        This paper serves as the educator's guide to achieve their competency and meet the academic demands of the students. This study focused to the preferred teaching strategy of the Fifth year Civil Engineering students, who have the adequate knowledge to determine the effective teaching strategy.

 

        As a concept of an intellectual learner goes, students find it necessary to understand the topic to clarify their concerns. Instructors should allow the students to ask their questions and clarifications in order to provide their needs considering students who find hard to catch up the topic easily. Thus, this could be helpful and reliable but further studies must be done regarding the modern teaching strategy and others such as intellectual capacity of the students, psychological aspect, mental aspect, emotional aspect, LGBT conditions and other factors which may affect the teaching-learning process in tertiary education.

Method
Anchor 1
Anchor 2
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ABOUT ME

Jharae Rosario M. Estudillo, 17, is currently taking up Bachelor of Science in Civil Engineering at the University of Southeastern Philippines, Obrero, Davao City.

She complied her Secondary Education at Sta. Ana National High School and awarded as an Outstanding Creative writer of the Year. Her research interest includes Korean lines grammatical analysis. Presently, she is a member of Red Cross Youth.

Jharae Rosario M. Estudillo

ABOUT ME

Laurice Fe Marie D. Vivar, 17, is currently taking up Bachelor of Science in Civil Engineering at the University of Southeastern Philippines, Obrero, Davao City.

 

She spent her secondary level at Nieves Villarica National High School, Samal Island, Davao Del Norte and graduated as Third Honorable mention. Her research interest includes constructing infrastructural buildings on local and industrialized areas and strong foundations for creating bridge support beams.

 

Laurice Fe Marie D. Vivar

ABOUT ME

Art John S. Juarbal, 17, is currently taking up Bachelor of Science in Civil Engineering at the University of Southeastern Philippines, Obrero, Davao City.

He spent his secondary years at Lianga National Comprehensive High School-Philippine Science High School-Caraga Region Campus Ext. and graduated as Valedictorian. His research interest includes the advancement of structural design in the modern world, economic implication studies of a Civil Engineer, discovery of the new medical treatment for conducive diseases such as cancer, physical discovery such as alternative source of biofuel specifically the Science Investigatory Project ArenggaPennata Fruit Peelings:A Resource of Bio-Fuel (Ethanol)  and behavioral standing of students in lined with their aspired profession. Presently, he is a member of USEP Debate Society.

Art John S. Juarbal

ABOUT ME

CJ LefronFhiel J. Cabug-os, 17, is currently taking up Bachelor of Science in Civil Engineering at the University of Southeastern Philippines, Obrero, Davao City.

He complied his secondary education at Sta. Ana National High School and graduated as Best in Mathematics. His research interest includes the advancement of hydraulic application in the modern world, computer based communication advancement through making a certain software and deductive reasoning and proving regarding the ancient formulae used. Presently, he is a band member of The Mighty Band.

 

CJ LefronFhiel J. Cabug-os

ABOUT ME

John Rey N. Gutang, 17, is currently taking up Bachelor of Science in Civil Engineering at the University of Southeastern Philippines, Obrero, Davao City.

He complied his Secondary Education at Samal National High School and awarded as Salutatorian. His research interest includes the advancement of structural design in the modern world and the discovery of the alternative goat de-wormer from patola seeds.

John Rey N. Gutang

ABOUT ME

Christian Laurence C. Patnugot, 17, is currently taking up Bachelor of Science in Civil Engineering at the University of Southeastern Philippines, Obrero, Davao City.

He completed his secondary years at Davao City National High School and graduated as with GWA of 90.74%. His research interest includes the advancement of structural design in the modern world, social and psychological implications of the technology to the students and lyrical analysis on the local and international music. Presently,   he is an active member of The Church In Davao Meeting Hall as one of the musicians.

Christian Laurence C. Patnugot

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